The most important feature of the agreement was that it recognised that the UK had full control over Egypt and also over France in Morocco (provided that France`s final decisions for Morocco included appropriate consideration of Spain`s interests there). At the same time, Britain ceded the Los Islands (off the coast of France-Guinea) to France, defined Nigeria`s border in favor of France, and accepted French control of the upper gambia valley, while France relinquished its exclusive right to fish off Newfoundland. In addition, the French and the British zones of influence in Siam (Thailand), which were eventually decided not to be colonized, were defined, with the eastern areas bordering French Indochina becoming a proposed French zone, and the western areas bordering the Burmese Tenasserim becoming a proposed British zone. Steps were also taken to dispel the rivalry between the British and French settlers of the New Hebrides. George Curzon said that the great powers were still committed to the Organic Settlement Agreement, which concerned governance and non-interference in the affairs of the Maronite, Orthodox Christian, Druze and Muslim communities in relation to the Vilayet of Beirut of June 1861 and September 1864, adding that the rights granted to France in present-day modern Syria and in parts of Turkey under Sykes-Picot are incompatible with this agreement. [78] On September 18, Faisal arrived in London and the next day and on the 23rd he had long meetings with Lloyd George, who explained the aide-memoire and the British position. Lloyd George said he was “in the position of a man who had inherited two types of obligations, those to King Hussein and those to the French,” and Faisal noted that the agreement “appeared to be based on the 1916 agreement between the British and the French.” Clemenceau, who responded in reference to the aide-memoire, refused to travel to Syria, saying the issue should be left to the French to deal directly with Faisal. The confrontation between Germany and the new allies became known as the first Moroccan crisis – a second occurred in the summer of 1911, when France and Germany sent troops to Morocco – and led to a tightening and consolidation of the Entente Cordiale, while Britain and France, who wanted to counter German aggression, went from a simple friendship to an informal military alliance and later to talks and an agreement with France`s ally Russia. By 1912, two powerful and hostile blocs had formed in Europe, with France, Britain and Russia on the one hand, and an increasingly isolated Germany – with relatively lukewarm support from Austria-Hungary and Italy – on the other. Two years later, this explosive situation would erupt in the First World War. As a result of the Sazonov-Palaiologos agreement included, Russia was to receive Western Armenia in addition to Constantinople and the Turkish Strait, which had already been promised in the Constantinople Agreement of 1915.
[8] Italy accepted the agreement in 1917 through the Treaty of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne and received Southern Anatolia. [8] The Palestinian region, with a smaller area than later Mandatory Palestine, was to fall under “international administration.” The agreement is seen by many as a turning point in Western and Arab relations. He denied Britain`s promises to the Arabs[9] regarding a national Arab homeland in the Greater Syria region in exchange for British support against the Ottoman Empire. The agreement, along with others, was published by the Bolsheviks[10] in Moscow on November 23, 1917 and repeated in the British Guardian on November 26, 1917, so that “the British were embarrassed, the Arabs dismayed, and the Turks delighted.” [11] [12] [13] The legacy of the agreement has aroused much resentment in the region, especially among arabs, but also among kurds, who have been denied an independent state. [14] [15] [16] [17] With the Entente Cordiale, Britain and France created the beginning of an alliance and committed in the final words of the agreement to support each other diplomatically in order to achieve the implementation of the clauses of this declaration concerning Egypt and Morocco. However, the agreement was about to oblige the two nations to provide each other with military support; this aspect of the alliance will come later. As Sykes-Picot`s centenary approached in 2016, the long-term effects of the agreement attracted a lot of media interest[109] and universities.[110] The agreement is often cited as creating “artificial” borders in the Middle East, “regardless of ethnic or sectarian characteristics that have led to endless conflicts.” [111] The extent to which Sykes-Picot actually shaped the borders of the modern Middle East is controversial. [112] [113] More than a year after the agreement with Russia, British and French representatives Sir Mark Sykes and François Georges Picot drafted another secret agreement on the future spoils of World War I. Picot represented a small group determined to ensure French control of Syria; Sykes, for his part, has raised British demands to compensate for influence in the region..
